Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-01-20 Origin: Site
Bearings are one of the indispensable core components in the field of modern machinery manufacturing, and play an important role in the efficient operation and performance optimisation of mechanical equipment. There are various types and sizes of bearings, and the selection of suitable bearings requires comprehensive consideration of the structure of the machinery, working conditions and actual use requirements and other factors. In this article, LNB Bearing will systematically introduce the main types, characteristics and typical application scenarios of bearings, hoping to bring some help to bearing users and learners.
Bearing is a kind of rotating mechanical element, mainly used to support the rotation or movement of mechanical equipment, transfer motion and force, and play a role in reducing friction, wear and tear, and reducing energy loss.
It consists of two rings (inner ring and outer ring), a rolling element and a set of cage. The rings are fixed in the mechanical equipment, while the rollings roll inside the rings. The main function of bearings is to support the operation of mechanical equipment, but also able to transmit motion and force, and play a role in reducing friction and wear.
Bearings usually consist of two rings (inner and outer rings), a rolling element and a set of cage.
The inner ring is usually in direct contact with the shaft and is used to support and guide the rotating shaft.
The outer ring is in contact with the housing or base of the mechanical equipment and serves to hold and support it.
The rolling element is one of the most important parts of the bearing, and common shapes include balls, rollers or needles. The role of the rolling element is to roll between the inner and outer rings to reduce friction and transfer the load, so that the bearing can run smoothly. The number and size of the rolling elements have an important influence on the load carrying capacity and friction coefficient of the bearing.
There are many materials of cage, such as steel. Brass and so on. Bearing cage is used to separate and fix the rolling body, so that it maintains a certain distance and relative position, to prevent the rolling body mutual collision and friction, reduce bearing wear and noise. The design and manufacturing accuracy of the cage also has an important influence on the service life and performance of the bearing.
For ball bearings, the bearings can choose seals or dust caps to prevent dust, impurities, etc. from entering the bearing interior and prolong the bearing service life.
In addition, for bearings, lubricants are also essential, usually divided into grease and lubricating oil.
Bearings are widely used in all kinds of large and small mechanical equipment, from large mechanical equipment such as aerospace and ships to small toys such as skateboard wheels and gyroscopes, bearings play an indispensable role.
Common application areas of bearings include:
(1) Industrial machinery: such as machine tools, conveying equipment, compressors and pumps.
(2) Transport: in cars, trains, aircraft and ships, bearings are used in wheels, engines, gearboxes and steering systems.
(3) Power equipment: e.g. in generators, wind turbines and electric motors to improve energy efficiency and reduce mechanical losses during operation.
(4) Household appliances: such as washing machines, electric fans and air conditioners, bearings are used for quiet and long-lasting operation.
(5) Medical equipment: e.g. imaging equipment, laboratory equipment, surgical equipment, nursing equipment, etc.
In the industrial world, bearings are known as the ‘joints’ of machinery, and their importance cannot be overstated.
Bearings can not only reduce friction and energy loss, improve the efficiency of mechanical operation, but also maintain the normal and smooth operation of mechanical components to extend the service life of mechanical equipment.
Whether it is high load industrial machinery, or the requirements of quiet household appliances, bearings can meet the needs of different application scenarios. Its wide use not only improves the performance of equipment, but also promotes the technological progress of many industries, and has an irreplaceable role in industry and daily life.
Bearings can be classified into three main categories according to their mode of motion, namely, rolling bearings, plain bearings and joint bearings. Among them, rolling bearings are the most common bearings, and there are many different classifications of rolling bearings according to the different modes of motion.
Radial bearing is mainly used for radial loads, i.e. the direction of the force on the bearing is parallel to the bearing axis. The nominal contact angle is in the range from 0° to 45°. Centripetal contact bearings a = 0°; angular contact radial bearings 0 < a ≤ 45°.
Common centripetal bearings are deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, etc. Centripetal bearings are widely used to stably support the rotating shaft but do not bear the axial force of machinery, such as electric motors, machine tools, pumps, automobile hubs and so on.
Thrust bearing is also named axial bearing, mainly bear axial load, that is, the direction of the external force bearing and bearing axis perpendicular to the direction of the axial force. Its nominal contact angle between 45 ° and 90 °, thrust contact bearing α = 90 °; Angular contact thrust bearing 45 ° < α ≤ 90 °.
Thrust bearings are generally composed of two thrust shims or multiple thrust shims and several thrust springs. General thrust gasket is divided into shaft piece and seat piece, common thrust bearing thrust have ball bearings and thrust roller bearings. Thrust bearings are widely used in the need to withstand large axial force occasions, such as large machine tools, turbines, ships and others.
The rolling elements of ball bearings are spherical, and the common types are deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, thrust ball bearings and so on. Ball bearings are simple and easy to mount, can rotate on multiple axes and are designed for a wide range of load cases, including pure radial loads, pure axial loads and combined radial and axial loads.
Ball bearings operate in point contact, they have a very small contact area with the load, which provides low friction but a lower load capacity than roller bearings. Ball bearings are therefore suitable for applications requiring high speeds and lighter loads, such as precision equipment, motors, automobiles and power tools.
The rolling elements of roller bearings are usually cylindrical, tapered and needle-shaped rollers, and the common types are cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, needle roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, thrust roller bearings and so on.Roller bearings are primarily designed to carry large loads and are also available in fully complementary designs to aid reciprocating motion. Roller bearings use line contact rather than point contact and therefore provide a larger surface area than ball bearings, which allows roller bearings to withstand greater capacity and higher vibration resistance without deformation or failure, whereas ball bearings will fail after a certain rotational speed. However, due to the increased contact area, the friction they generate is also greater. Therefore, roller bearings are suitable for low to medium speeds and high loads, such as mining, wind turbines, heavy machinery, railway vehicles, construction equipment and so on.
Single row bearings are bearings with one row of rolling elements, simple structure, small size, and easy to install.
Double row bearing refers to have two rows of rolling body, parallel arrangement, bearing capacity is higher than a single row bearing, both can withstand radial load, also can withstand larger axial load.
Multi-row bearings contain three or more rows of rolling elements, very strong load carrying capacity, high rigidity, durability, usually used for special purposes.
Self-aligning bearing raceway is spherical, the inner ring, rolling elements and cage can be freely tilted in the outer ring at a certain angle, with automatic self-aligning function.Self-aligning bearing design can adapt to the angular deviation between the two raceway axis line and angular movement, can compensate for the installation error or shaft in the running process due to deflection caused by the alignment deviation.
Common self-aligning bearings are self-aligning ball bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, etc., widely used in the shaft may be due to the load or thermal expansion and produce alignment deviation occasions, such as conveyor equipment, heavy machinery and agricultural machinery and so on.
Non-aligning bearing structure is simple, can not automatically adjust the centre, the inner ring, outer ring and rolling body must be accurate in the centre, the installation accuracy and shaft alignment requirements are more stringent.
Non-aligning bearings can impede the raceway between the axis line angle offset, common deep groove ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, etc., commonly used in high-precision, high-speed or alignment error smaller occasions, such as machine tools, automobile parts and precision instruments and so on.
Separable bearings are bearings with separable parts, generally consisting of an independent rolling element assembly and separable inner or outer ring, with a simple structure, easy to install or dismantle separately. Common separable bearings are tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, thrust ball bearings and so on, widely used in railway vehicles, rolling mills and industrial equipment and so on.
Non-separable bearings refers to bearings in the final matching, rings can not be arbitrary free separation of bearings. Non-separable bearings have compact structure, stable operation, but it is more difficult to dismantle. Common non-separable bearings are deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, etc. They are widely used in all kinds of precision equipments and general machinery, such as electric motors, automobile parts, machine tools and so on.
Miniature bearings are bearings with a nominal outside diameter of less than 26mm (D≤26), the inner diameter usuallt less than 10 mm (d<10), which are extremely small in size, light in weight, have high precision and low friction, and are suitable for high-speed operation, such as medical equipment, micro motors, fishing gear, skateboard wheels, bicycles and so on.
Small bearings refers to the nominal outside diameter of 28mm to 55mm range of bearings (28 ≤ D ≤ 55). It has small size, high speed, and easy to install. Small bearings can withstand light load, suitable for household appliances, power tools and other small machinery and equipment.
Small and medium-sized bearings refers to the nominal outside diameter of 60mm to 115mm between the bearing (60 ≤ D ≤ 115), the volume of medium, can withstand a certain amount of load, applicable to automotive wheels, gearboxes, pumps and other mechanical equipment.
Medium and large bearings refers to the nominal outside diameter of 120mm to 190mm between the bearings (120 ≤ D ≤ 190), has a high load carrying capacity and rigidity, usually applicable to heavier loads and low-speed operation of machinery and equipment, such as large motors, agricultural machinery, industrial transmission equipment and so on.
Large bearings refers to the nominal outside diameter of 200mm to 430mm between the bearings (200 ≤ D ≤ 430), has a high bearing capacity, strong structure, durability, and can withstand complex loads, applicable to mining machinery, port cranes, wind power generation equipment, ships and so on.
Extra large bearings refers to the nominal outside diameter greater than 440mm bearings (D ≥ 440), designed for super-heavy loads and special working conditions, such as aerospace, large generators, rolling mills and so on, the size and performance requirements are high.
Steel bearings are the most common bearings, whose materials are usually high-carbon chromium steel (GCr15), stainless steel or carburised steel and so on. Steel bearings have high strength, wear resistance, long service life and other characteristics, of which stainless steel bearings also has rust resistance and a certain degree of corrosion resistance. Steel bearings are suitable for most scenarios, such as general industrial equipment, automobiles and construction machinery.
Ceramic bearings are generally made of high-performance ceramic materials such as silicon nitride (Si3N4), zirconia (ZrO2), etc. They have the characteristics of light weight, low friction, corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, high and low temperature resistance, etc. The disadvantage is that ceramic bearings are more brittle and costly. Ceramic bearings are suitable for special extreme environments, especially high corrosion, high humidity environment.
Plastic bearings using engineering plastics, such as POM (paraformaldehyde), PA (nylon), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PEEK (polyether ether ketone) and so on made of light weight, low noise and so on, but its loading capacity and resistance to high temperatures is poor, suitable for light loads of general environments, such as food processing equipment.
Slide bearing is a kind of mechanical component which supports the shaft and reduces the motion friction through the sliding friction between the shaft and the bearing surface. Plain bearing usually consists of bearing parts and lubrication system, under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surface is separated by lubricant without direct contact, which can greatly reduce the friction loss and surface wear, and ensure the smooth rotation or reciprocating motion of the shaft.
Sliding bearings work smoothly, reliably, no noise, is widely used in all kinds of machinery and equipment, especially in the need for low noise, low speed and heavy load, as well as adapt to the complex working environment of the occasions, or maintenance and filling lubricating oil is difficult to run parts.
The coefficient of friction of slide bearing is generally small, but it needs good lubrication conditions, otherwise dry friction or semi-dry friction may occur, resulting in high temperature and wear.
Due to the large contact area, plain bearings can usually withstand high loads.
Compared with rolling bearings, plain bearings operate with less noise.
Plain bearings can adapt to complex working environment, such as high temperature, high speed or strong vibration conditions.
(1) According to the direction of the load can be divided into radial (centripetal) plain bearings and thrust (axial) plain bearings.
(2) According to the type of lubricant can be divided into oil lubricated bearings, grease lubricated bearings, water lubricated bearings, gas bearings, solid lubricated bearings, magnetic fluid bearings and electromagnetic bearings.
(3) According to the lubrication film thickness can be divided into film lubrication bearings and thick film lubrication bearings.
(4) According to the tile material can be divided into bronze bearings, cast iron bearings, plastic bearings, gemstone bearings, powder metallurgy bearings, self-lubricating bearings and oil bearings and so on.
(5) According to the structure of the tiles, they can be divided into round bearings, elliptical bearings, three oil leaf bearings, stepped surface bearings, tilting tile bearings and foil bearings and so on.
The joint bearing is a special type of spherical plain bearing with an inner and an outer spherical sliding contact surface, which can be rotated and swung at any angle during movement. Joint bearings have a simple but powerful structure and are widely used in applications where they are required to support oscillating movements, tilting movements and low-speed rotations, such as in mechanical engineering, agricultural machinery and automotive suspension systems.
As the contact surface of the inner and outer rings of the joint bearing is spherical, it can adapt to the angular deviation between the shaft and the shell within a certain range.
Due to the large contact area, the joint bearing can withstand high radial load, axial load and comprehensive load.
Joint bearing has high rigidity and toughness, suitable for bearing shock load and alternating load.
Many joint bearings use special materials or coatings (such as PTFE, friction-reducing composite materials) to achieve self-lubrication and extend service life.
Joint bearings can work in high temperature, low temperature, wet, dusty and other complex conditions, especially self-lubricating type is more suitable for maintenance-free working conditions.
According to the type of bearing and application, joint bearings are mainly divided into the following types:
Also called radial plain bearings, they mainly carry radial loads. According to the structural characteristics, it can also be divided into single seam outer ring; with seal, single seam outer ring; outer ring with stop groove; double half outer ring; seamless outer ring and so on.
Adopting self-lubricating materials, suitable for long-term operation and not easy to maintain the environment. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into sliding surface with self-lubricating material; sliding surface with PTFE fabric, wide inner ring, self-lubricating; sliding surface with glass fibre reinforced plastics, self-lubricating; sliding surface with glass fibre reinforced plastics discs, self-lubricating and so on.
Deep groove ball bearings are named because the raceway cross-section is deep groove shape, is the most widely used rolling bearings. Its main components are inner ring, outer ring, rolling body, cage, etc. It mainly bears radial load, but also can bear a certain degree of axial load.Deep groove ball bearing according to the sealing method, can be divided into open, rubber seal and metal shielding, etc.; According to the number of rolling body column, can be divided into single row and double row, etc.
Deep groove ball bearings have simple structure, easy to use; friction torque is small, high speed; precision and other characteristics, is the user selection of the first choice of bearing type.
Deep groove ball bearings are widely used in automobiles, household appliances, tractors, machine tools, motors, agricultural machinery, textile machinery and other fields.
Thin section bearing is a kind of rolling bearing with small cross-sectional size and light weight, generally divided into different sealing forms, such as rubber seal-RS, iron seal-ZZ, etc., which are usually used in precision equipment requiring lightweight and compact design. Thin-walled bearings can be divided into deep groove ball bearings (C), four-point contact bearings (X), angular contact ball bearings (E) and so on.
Thin section bearings have the characteristics of miniaturisation, light weight, high precision, low noise and high space utilisation.
Thin-walled bearings are mainly used in the fields of high precision, high rotational speed, limited space and lightweight requirements, such as aerospace, medical equipment, semiconductor equipment, automation equipment, robots, and precision instruments.
Angular contact ball bearing is a kind of rolling bearing which can bear radial load and axial load at the same time, its inner ring and outer ring raceway has a certain contact angle in the axial direction of the bearing, the bigger the contact angle, the higher the axial load carrying capacity; The smaller the contact angle is, the more conducive to high-speed rotation. Single row bearing can withstand radial load and one-way axial load. Structure for the back of the combination of two single row angular contact ball bearings share the inner ring and outer ring, can withstand radial load and bi-directional axial load.
Angular contact ball bearings have: 7000C type (∝ = 15 °), 7000AC type (∝ = 25 °) and 7000B (∝ = 40 °) and so on several types. According to the number of columns can be divided into single-row angular contact ball bearings, double-row angular contact ball bearings and four-point contact ball bearings.
Angular contact ball bearings have high bearing capacity, good stability, high rigidity, high precision, flexible combination (back-to-back, face-to-face, tandem combination, etc.) and so on.
Angular contact bearings are widely used in the need to bear high speed, heavy load and high precision requirements of the occasion. For example, machine tool spindle, high-frequency motor, printing machinery, planetary speed reducer, CNC machine tools, welding machine, precision machinery, transmission and so on.
Thrust ball bearing is a kind of rolling bearing specially designed to bear axial load, by the washer-shaped raceway ring with raceway, ball, keep frame assembly composition, and the shaft with the raceway ring is called as the shaft ring, and with the shell with the raceway ring is called as the seat ring.
Thrust ball bearings according to the direction of bearing, can be divided into one-way thrust ball bearings and two-way thrust ball bearings; According to the ring seat cushion form, can be divided into flat bottom seat cushion form and spherical seat cushion form.
Thrust ball bearing has simple structure, axial bearing capacity, easy to dismantle and installation characteristics.
Thrust ball bearings can be used in automobile steering pin, machine tool spindle, crane hook, vertical water pump, vertical centrifuge, low-speed reducer and so on.
Self-aligning ball bearing is a kind of rolling bearing which can be self-aligning, its two raceways of the inner ring and the raceway for the spherical surface of the outer ring, assembled with a round ball shape ball. This design allows a certain angular error between the shaft and the bearing housing and has excellent alignment properties.
Self-aligning ball bearings are mainly used to carry radial loads, while they can also carry smaller axial loads. Self-aligning ball bearings have cylindrical hole and tapered hole two kinds of structure, the taper of the conical bore is 1:1 2 or 1:30. the material of the cage has steel plate, synthetic resin and so on.
Self-aligning ball bearings have the characteristics of automatic centring (generally allow tilt angle of 2°-3°), high load carrying capacity, low limiting speed, noise and vibration.
Self-aligning ball bearings are widely used in the need to compensate for different degrees of heart and shaft deflection caused by the error of the occasions, such as paper machinery, semiconductor equipment, textile machinery drive shaft, mining machinery, transport equipment and so on.
Tapered roller bearings are a kind of rolling bearings whose rolling bodies are cone-centred rollers, and whose inner and outer rings have tapered raceways, belonging to the separation type bearings. The design of the bearing makes the raceway of the inner ring and the raceway of the outer ring and the apex of the rollers in the same axis, so as to achieve the uniform distribution of load.
Tapered roller bearings are divided into different structural types such as single row, double row and four row tapered roller bearings according to the number of columns of mounted rollers. Tapered roller bearings are suitable for both radial and axial load conditions, the axial load capacity is proportional to the contact angle. Single row tapered roller bearings can withstand radial load and single direction axial load.
Tapered roller bearings have multi-directional load carrying capacity, high load carrying capacity, gap adjustability, high rigidity and high precision and so on.
Tapered roller bearings are widely used in automotive industry, rolling mills, mining equipment, cranes, excavators, railway equipment and agricultural machinery because of their structure and characteristics.
Cylindrical roller bearings are a kind of rolling bearings whose rolling bodies are cylindrical rollers, which belong to separated bearings. The roller and raceway contact of cylindrical roller bearings is line contact, which makes them have high radial load capacity. The internal structure adopts the rollers are arranged in parallel, and the rollers are equipped with spacing keeper or isolation block, which can prevent the tilting of the rollers or mutual friction between the rollers, and start to rotate at high speed.
Cylindrical roller bearings according to different structures can be divided into single row, double row and multi-row, etc.; According to the ring with or without edge, can be divided into NU, NJ, NUP, N, NF, NNU, NN, etc., usually used to need to withstand a large radial load and high speed working conditions.
Cylindrical roller bearings are characterised by high load carrying capacity, low coefficient of friction, high impact resistance, easy mounting and dismounting.
Cylindrical roller bearings are widely used in machine tool spindles, large and medium-sized electric motors and power generation equipment, automobile industry, internal combustion engines, reduction gearboxes, rolling mills, vibrating screens and conveying equipment.
Spherical roller bearing is rolling body for spherical roller rolling bearing, its inner ring raceway is also spherical type. Spherical roller bearings have double rows of rollers, the outer ring has a common spherical raceway, the inner ring has two raceways and tilted at an angle relative to the bearing axis, this clever construction makes it has automatic self-aligning performance, which can compensate for the bearing axis offset and bearing seat installation error.
Spherical roller bearings have cylindrical and conical bore, conical taper hole taper for 1:30 and 1:12 two. The bearing can withstand radial load, but also can withstand two-way action of the axial load.
Spherical roller bearings have high load carrying capacity, high impact resistance, self-aligning, low vibration and low noise and so on.
Spherical roller bearings are mainly used to withstand radial load and bi-directional axial load conditions, especially suitable for vibration, shock or partial load conditions, such as heavy machinery, paper and cement, vibrating screen, crusher, large-scale conveying equipment, wind power generation equipment.
Needle roller bearing is a kind of roller bearing whose rolling element is cylindrical roller, and its rolling element is called needle roller because its roller is both thin and long. The length of the needle roller is greater than the diameter (generally the diameter is less than 5 mm and the length is 3 to 10 times the diameter). Despite their small cross-section, needle roller bearings have a high load carrying capacity and are mainly used for radial load bearing conditions, but can also carry a certain amount of axial load in specific designs.
Types of needle roller bearings include: needle roller cage assemblies, needle roller bearings without retaining edges, self-aligning needle roller bearings, combined needle roller/ball bearings, combined needle roller/thrust ball bearings, combined needle roller/cylindrical roller thrust bearings and so on.
Needle roller bearings have the characteristics of high radial load carrying capacity, compact structure, light weight, high precision, high speed, low wear and long service life.
Needle roller bearings are commonly used in printing machinery, grazing machinery, agricultural machinery, CNC equipment guide with rollers, harvesters, excavators, transmissions, conveyor lines, and so on.
Thrust roller bearings are a kind of rolling bearings specially designed to withstand axial loads, and can also withstand a certain amount of combined radial loads, but the radial load shall not exceed 55% of the axial load. The bearings are designed to withstand high axial loads and at the same time can accommodate a certain degree of shock and eccentric loads. The rolling elements of the thrust roller bearings can make cylindrical rollers, spherical rollers or needle rollers, etc.
Thrust roller bearings have high bearing load carrying capacity, high impact resistance, low coefficient of friction and other characteristics.
Thrust roller bearings are mainly used in large machinery, heavy machine tools, high-power marine gear box, injection moulding machines, compressors, vertical motors and other fields.
Slewing bearing is also called rotary bearing, some people also call it: rotary bearing, slewing bearing, is a kind of allowed to rotate around the fixed axis of the bearing. Slewing bearing can simultaneously withstand radial load, axial load and tilting moment, usually by the inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements, gaskets and cage composition, some also equipped with gears, seals and lubrication holes in order to adapt to different operational requirements.
Slewing bearing has multi-directional bearing force, large bearing capacity, structural integration, wide range of diameters, low speed and high torque and maintenance and other characteristics.
Slewing bearing in the real industry is widely used, such as cranes, excavators, filling machines, wind turbines, marine instrumentation, robots and rotating stage, Ferris wheel and so on in the field.
A flange bearing is a rolling bearing with a flange edge, to which a flange (flange) is added on one side of the outer ring. Flange bearings show their advantages when there is no connector on one end of the shaft and it needs to be fixed on a flat surface such as a plate or a wall. Flange bearings are suitable for occasions where radial space is limited, while also providing simple and reliable mounting.
The biggest feature of the flange bearing is that the flange and bearing are integrated, in addition, the flange bearing also has the characteristics of easy installation, accurate positioning, compact structure, low friction torque, low vibration, low noise hood.
Flange bearings are suitable for all kinds of industrial equipment and precision instruments, such as small rotary motors, office equipment, dental drills, fans, pulleys, rollers, transmission equipment, recreational equipment, robots, medical equipment, office equipment, testing instruments, variable speed devices, power tools and toys and so on.
A mounted bearing is a mechanical component that integrates a rolling bearing with a housing, with the bearing mounted inside the housing to make it easier to install, locate and secure in the application. Mounted bearings are available in a variety of configurations, with available rolling elements including ball bearings, spherical roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings, to name a few, to suit a variety of applications.
The commonly matched casting bearing housings are vertical seat (P), narrow vertical seat (PA), high centre vertical seat (PH), square seat (F), tab square seat (FS), tab circular seat (FC), diamond seat (FL), ring seat (C), slider seat (T), suspension seat (HA), adjustable diamond seat (FA), suspension bearing seat (FB), etc.
The mounted bearing has integrated design, easy to install and maintain, diversified structure, strong anti-vibration ability and so on.
Mounted bearings are mainly used in mining, metallurgy, agriculture, chemical industry, textile, printing and dyeing, conveying machinery and other fields.
Crossed roller bearings, also known as crossed roller bearings, is a unique structure of rolling bearings, the rolling body is generally used cylindrical rollers or tapered rollers between the inner ring and outer ring to 90 ° mutually perpendicular arrangement, cross-crossed distribution, rollers and rollers through the keeper or isolation block spacing.
This cross cross arrangement of roller structure makes cross roller bearings can withstand axial load, radial load and tilting moment and other aspects of the load, compared with the traditional structure of the bearing, cross roller bearings rigidity increased by 3-4 times.
Crossed roller bearings have the characteristics of small size, compact structure, high rotary accuracy, multi-directional load carrying capacity, strong deformation resistance, high rotary accuracy and flexible structural design.
Crossed roller bearings are widely used in industrial robots joint parts and rotating parts, CNC rotary table, CNC machine tools, indexing discs, solar energy equipment, precision test turntable, medical equipment, optical telescopes and large radar antennas and other precision equipment.
A cam follower is a special type of rolling bearing or plain bearing designed to follow the contour movement of a cam surface. The cam follower has a pivoting function, enabling complex motion paths and precise force transmission through contact with the cam.
Cam followers are characterised by compact structure, diverse contact forms, easy installation, resistance to wear and fatigue, high load carrying capacity, and adaptability to a wide range of motion forms.
Cam followers are widely used in machine tools and processing equipment, automation equipment, internal combustion engines, sewing machines, children's toys, printing machines and precision instruments.
Linear bearing is a kind of linear motion system for linear travel with cylindrical shaft. Through the rolling body (usually steel ball or roller) in the shaft or guideway surface rolling, to achieve low friction, high precision linear motion support. Linear bearings are usually used in conjunction with linear optical shafts or linear guideways, and are suitable for high-speed, low-noise and high-precision linear transmission applications.
Linear bearing has simple structure, low friction coefficient, high precision, low noise, easy to install and maintain and so on.
Linear bearings are widely used in automation equipment, machine tools, electronic equipment, food machinery, packaging machinery, medical machinery, printing machinery, textile machinery, precision instruments and machining and other fields.
There are many kinds and types of bearings, and the choice of bearings is crucial in mechanical equipment. Choosing the right bearings can not only improve the efficiency of mechanical operation and ensure the stable operation of mechanical equipment, but also improve the service life of the machine.
When selecting bearings, it should be based on several important parameters: the working environment of the bearings, load (direction and size of the load to be borne), limiting rotational speed, centring requirements, precision and rigidity requirements, size and mounting space, mounting and dismounting of the bearings, lubrication methods, etc.
Before selecting bearings, you need to know the working environment of bearings. For example, ordinary bearings are enough for general environment; in high and low temperature environment, ceramic bearings are a good choice; damp or chemical corrosion environment can choose stainless steel bearings and ceramic bearings; and in dusty environment, it is necessary to use bearings with sealing structure.
Before selecting bearings, you need to make sure that there is enough space to install the bearings, and the size of the bearings is very important. According to the equipment mounting space limitations, select the appropriate outer diameter and width of the bearing. Thin-walled bearings or flange bearings can be selected for machinery with limited space, while larger bearings can be selected for machinery with sufficient space to increase the load carrying capacity.
Select radial bearings when the load is mainly in the radial direction (perpendicular to the shaft), and select axial bearings (thrust bearings) when the load is mainly in the axial direction (in the same direction as the shaft). When the load on the bearing is small, select ball bearings; when the load is large, select roller bearings.
When a bearing is subjected to radial load and axial load at the same time (synthetic load), if the synthetic load is small, select deep groove ball bearings or angular contact ball bearings; if the load is large, select tapered roller bearings.
If high speed is required, choose low friction and high precision bearings, such as deep groove ball bearings or ceramic bearings; in low speed and heavy load machinery roller bearings (such as tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, etc.) are more suitable; and in the case of variable speeds, self-aligning ball bearings or crossed roller bearings can provide smoother operation.
For general mechanical equipments, bearings with ordinary accuracy are sufficient; for bearings with higher accuracy requirements, such as spindles of machine tools, precision instruments, medical machines, etc., bearings with high grade accuracy, such as P4, P5, etc., should be selected.
Considering the convenience of installing and dismounting, choose suitable bearing structure, such as separated bearing or separable cylindrical roller bearing.
